How to Spot Signs of Dementia in Dogs and Support Their Brain Health

Watching your dog grow older is a joy but it can also bring new challenges. Just like humans, dogs can experience cognitive changes as they age. Canine dementia, or Canine Cognitive Dysfunction (CCD), affects memory, learning, and behaviour. Recognising the signs early and supporting your dog’s brain health can make a huge difference in their quality of life.

In this article, we’ll explain what canine dementia is, how to spot it, and practical ways to keep your dog’s mind sharp, happy, and engaged.

Canine dementia is a progressive neurological disorder that primarily affects older dogs, usually those over 8 years old. It’s similar to Alzheimer’s disease in humans and can lead to changes in memory, awareness, learning, and social interactions. Dogs with dementia may seem confused, forget familiar routines, or show unusual behaviours.

Although there’s no cure for canine dementia, early intervention can help slow the condition’s progression, allowing your dog to live a happier and more comfortable life.

Just like people, dogs’ brains age over time. Neurons in the brain can deteriorate, chemical imbalances may occur, and plaque can build up in the brain. Genetics, breed predispositions, diet, and lifestyle all play a role in how quickly a dog’s cognitive function declines.

Some breeds, such as toy breeds and small dogs, may show signs later, while larger breeds sometimes experience age-related changes earlier. Environmental stimulation, diet, and exercise throughout your dog’s life can also influence brain health.

Knowing what to look for can help you take action early. Here are the most common signs:

Your dog may seem lost in familiar surroundings, like staring at walls, getting stuck in corners, or forgetting where doors lead. This can be alarming, but it’s often one of the earliest indicators of cognitive decline.

Dogs with dementia may sleep more during the day and become restless or vocal at night. They might wander the house, pace, or whine at unusual hours, which can be distressing for both dog and owner.

You may notice your dog withdrawing from family members or other pets, or suddenly becoming clingy and seeking constant attention. Changes in interaction patterns are a key signal of cognitive dysfunction.

Previously house-trained dogs might start having accidents indoors, forget familiar commands, or appear disoriented when going outside.

Pacing, circling, tail-chasing, or other repetitive movements are common signs. These behaviours are often a result of confusion or anxiety.

Dogs with dementia can become more anxious, reactive, or irritable. Noise, sudden movements, or changes in routine may trigger stress responses.

Cognitive decline can affect eating habits. Some dogs may forget to eat, eat less than usual, or beg for food more often.

Tip: If you notice any of these signs, keep a diary of behaviour changes and discuss them with your vet. Early intervention can make a real difference.

Even if your dog shows no signs of dementia, there are ways to maintain and support cognitive health throughout life. These strategies can help delay the onset of symptoms and improve overall well-being.

Mental exercise is just as important as physical activity. Puzzle toys, scent games, learning new commands, and interactive play keep your dog’s mind active. Rotating toys and introducing new experiences regularly can prevent boredom and strengthen cognitive function.

Examples:

• Treat-dispensing toys or puzzle feeders

• Hide-and-seek games with favourite toys

• Short training sessions teaching new tricks

Physical activity increases blood flow to the brain and supports cardiovascular health. Even gentle walks, short play sessions, or indoor fetch can help maintain cognitive function.

Pro Tip: Tailor exercise to your dog’s age and mobility. Low-impact activities like swimming or gentle walks are excellent for senior dogs.

Nutrition plays a vital role in brain health. Diets rich in antioxidants, omega-3 fatty acids, and high-quality protein can support cognitive function. There are also commercially available senior diets designed specifically to promote brain health.

Foods & Supplements:

• Fish oils (rich in DHA and EPA)

• Blueberries or pumpkin (antioxidants and fibre)

• Vitamin E and B-complex vitamins

Always consult your vet before introducing supplements to ensure they’re safe for your dog.

A predictable daily routine can reduce confusion and anxiety in senior dogs. Feeding, walks, playtime, and bedtime at consistent times help them feel secure.

Spending quality time with family members, meeting friendly dogs on walks, or gentle play dates helps maintain mental stimulation and emotional well-being. Social engagement is essential for cognitive health.

Routine veterinary care allows early detection of age-related health issues. Conditions like arthritis, vision or hearing loss, and thyroid problems can exacerbate cognitive decline if left untreated.

As dementia progresses, dogs may feel disoriented or anxious. Simple adjustments can make life easier:

• Use non-slip mats to prevent falls

• Keep familiar scents and objects around the home

• Use night-lights for visibility in dark areas

While there’s no cure for canine dementia, treatments can improve quality of life:

• Prescription Medications: Some drugs can slow cognitive decline and improve focus and memory.

• Nutritional Supplements: Omega-3 fatty acids, antioxidants, and certain vitamins can support brain function.

• Behavioural Therapy: Training and environmental enrichment can reduce anxiety and repetitive behaviours.

Your vet can provide personalised recommendations based on your dog’s health, age, and specific symptoms.

The earlier you notice dementia signs, the sooner you can provide supportive care. Small changes in diet, routine, mental stimulation, and exercise can significantly enhance your dog’s life. By observing behaviours and acting promptly, you give your dog the best chance to age gracefully and happily.

Dementia in dogs can be challenging, but awareness, early intervention, and ongoing care make a real difference. By understanding the signs of cognitive decline and supporting your dog’s brain health through mental stimulation, nutrition, exercise, and routine, you can help your beloved companion enjoy their golden years to the fullest.

Remember: your dog’s mental well-being is just as important as their physical health, and small steps can have a big impact on their quality of life.